Participant
McCall Parkhurst & Horton LLP
Paid on 8,372 local government issues in BRB's local issuance fee table, $310,525,872 in fees reported.
By role
Issues
8,372 issues, newest first.
Skip the issues mccall parkhurst & horton llp worked on table| Issue? | Issuer? | Closed? | FY? | Role? | Sale type? | Par? | Fees to this firm? | Per $1,000 of par? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Comb Tax & Ltd Surplus Rev CO Ser 2024 | Abilene | 12/19/2024 | 2025 | Bond counsel | Negotiated | $8,025,000 | $25,000 | $3.12 |
| Unl Tax Bonds Ser 2024 | Morton Road MUD | 12/19/2024 | 2025 | Disclosure counsel | Competitive | $5,750,000 | $8,500 | $1.48 |
| Unl Tax Bonds Ser 2024 | Harris County MUD 149 | 12/19/2024 | 2025 | Disclosure counsel | Competitive | $11,250,000 | $9,000 | $0.80 |
| Unl Tax Util Bonds Ser 2024 | Northlake MMD 2 | 12/19/2024 | 2025 | Disclosure counsel | Competitive | $5,625,000 | $10,000 | $1.78 |
| Unl Tax Road Bonds Ser 2024A | Kaufman County MUD 03 | 12/19/2024 | 2025 | Disclosure counsel | Competitive | $9,060,000 | $10,000 | $1.10 |
| Unl Tax Bonds Ser 2024 | Riceland MUD 1 | 12/19/2024 | 2025 | Disclosure counsel | Competitive | $5,670,000 | $14,000 | $2.47 |
| Ltd Ad Valorem Tax & Sub Lien Sales & Use Tax Bonds Ser 2024 | Crosswinds at South Lake Special ID | 12/19/2024 | 2025 | Underwriter's counsel | Negotiated | $2,880,000 | $3,571 | Not reported |
| Unl Tax Road Bonds Ser 2024 | Galveston County MUD 59 | 12/19/2024 | 2025 | Disclosure counsel | Competitive | $5,340,000 | $8,000 | $1.50 |
| Unl Tax Road Bonds Ser 2024A | Pilot Knob MUD 02 | 12/19/2024 | 2025 | Bond counsel; Disclosure counsel; Engineers, accountants and other consultants; State review and filing fees | Competitive | $6,280,000 | $104,950 | $16.71 |
| Rev Bond Txbl Ser 2024 | Jonah Water Special UD | 12/19/2024 | 2025 | Bond counsel | Private placement | $4,000,000 | $33,489 | $8.37 |
| Unl Tax Bonds Ser 2024 | Galveston County MUD 59 | 12/19/2024 | 2025 | Disclosure counsel | Competitive | $11,500,000 | $8,000 | $0.70 |
| Unl Tax Road Bonds Ser 2024 | Montgomery County MUD 180 | 12/19/2024 | 2025 | Disclosure counsel | Competitive | $4,000,000 | $8,000 | $2.00 |
| Unl Tax Road Bonds Ser 2024A | Pilot Knob MUD 03 | 12/19/2024 | 2025 | Bond counsel; Engineers, accountants and other consultants; Disclosure counsel; State review and filing fees | Competitive | $7,085,000 | $117,025 | $16.52 |
| Pub Impr & Ref Bonds Ser 2024 | Austin | 12/19/2024 | 2025 | Bond counsel | Negotiated | $292,600,000 | $177,000 | $0.60 |
| Unl Tax School Bldg Bonds Ser 2024 | Caddo Mills ISD | 12/18/2024 | 2025 | Bond counsel; Engineers, accountants and other consultants; State review and filing fees | Negotiated | $35,000,000 | $20,000 | $0.57 |
| Unl Tax Bonds Ser 2024 | Fort Bend County MUD 152 | 12/18/2024 | 2025 | Disclosure counsel | Competitive | $10,500,000 | $8,500 | $0.81 |
| Unl Tax Util Bonds Ser 2024 | Kaufman County MUD 10 | 12/18/2024 | 2025 | Disclosure counsel | Competitive | $6,830,000 | $10,000 | $1.46 |
| Unl Tax School Bldg Bonds Ser 2024 | Medina Valley ISD | 12/18/2024 | 2025 | Bond counsel | Competitive | $11,090,000 | $40,700 | $3.67 |
| Spec Assessment Rev Bonds Ser 2024 (Whisper Valley PID Impr Area 3) | Austin | 12/18/2024 | 2025 | Printing, disclosure and data services | Negotiated | $11,990,000 | $25,000 | $2.09 |
| Comb Tax & Surplus Rev CO Ser 2024A | Eastland | 12/18/2024 | 2025 | Bond counsel | Private placement | $1,250,000 | $14,750 | $11.80 |
| Unl Tax Recreational Facil Bonds Ser 2024 | Timber Lane UD | 12/18/2024 | 2025 | Disclosure counsel | Competitive | $2,500,000 | $8,500 | $3.40 |
| Unl Tax Ref Bonds Ser 2024 | New Caney ISD | 12/18/2024 | 2025 | Bond counsel | Negotiated | $82,460,000 | $95,000 | $1.15 |
| Comb Tax & Surplus Rev CO Txbl Ser 2024B | Eastland | 12/18/2024 | 2025 | Bond counsel | Private placement | $315,000 | $13,750 | $43.65 |
| Unl Tax Road Bonds Ser 2024 | Smiley Road WCID 1 | 12/18/2024 | 2025 | Disclosure counsel | Competitive | $10,160,000 | $11,000 | $1.08 |
| Ltd Ad Valorem Tax Road Bonds Ser 2024 | Westpointe Special ID | 12/17/2024 | 2025 | Underwriter's counsel | Negotiated | $12,870,000 | $15,959 | $1.24 |
| Unl Tax Road Bonds Ser 2024 | Harris County MUD 539 | 12/17/2024 | 2025 | Disclosure counsel | Competitive | $3,750,000 | $9,500 | $2.53 |
| Unl Tax Ref Bonds Ser 2024 | Texarkana ISD | 12/17/2024 | 2025 | Bond counsel | Negotiated | $12,110,000 | $26,908 | $2.22 |
| Unl Tax Bonds Ser 2024 | Harris County WCID 164 | 12/17/2024 | 2025 | Disclosure counsel | Competitive | $5,570,000 | $9,500 | $1.71 |
| Unl Tax Road Bonds Ser 2024 | Collin County MUD 10 | 12/17/2024 | 2025 | Disclosure counsel | Competitive | $2,400,000 | $12,500 | $5.21 |
| Unl Tax Bonds Ser 2024 | Brazoria County MUD 36 | 12/17/2024 | 2025 | Disclosure counsel | Competitive | $3,600,000 | $8,500 | $2.36 |
| Unl Tax Road Bonds Ser 2024 | Lago Bello MUD 1A | 12/17/2024 | 2025 | Disclosure counsel | Competitive | $5,850,000 | $14,000 | $2.39 |
| Unl Tax Bonds Ser 2024 | Missouri City Management District 1 | 12/17/2024 | 2025 | Disclosure counsel | Competitive | $10,130,000 | $8,000 | $0.79 |
| Unl Tax Road Bonds Ser 2024 | Harris County MUD 576 | 12/17/2024 | 2025 | Disclosure counsel | Competitive | $8,375,000 | $9,500 | $1.13 |
| Unl Tax Bonds Ser 2024A | Williamson County MUD 19C | 12/17/2024 | 2025 | Other costs; Engineers, accountants and other consultants; Printing, disclosure and data services; Disclosure counsel; State review and filing fees; Bond counsel | Competitive | $2,870,000 | $54,623 | $19.03 |
| Comb Tax & Surplus Rev CO Txbl Ser 2024A | Gordon | 12/17/2024 | 2025 | Bond counsel | Private placement | $530,000 | $20,000 | $37.74 |
| Unl Tax Road Bonds Ser 2024 | Tradition MUD 2B of Denton County | 12/17/2024 | 2025 | Disclosure counsel | Competitive | $3,620,000 | $8,500 | $2.35 |
| Elec Util Sys Rev Ref Bonds New Ser 2024 | Garland | 12/17/2024 | 2025 | Bond counsel | Negotiated | $111,160,000 | $129,500 | $1.16 |
| Unl Tax Road Bonds Ser 2024 | Williamson County MUD 51 | 12/13/2024 | 2025 | Disclosure counsel | Competitive | $5,500,000 | $9,000 | $1.64 |
| Unl Tax Road Bonds Ser 2024A | Fort Bend County MUD 229 | 12/13/2024 | 2025 | Printing, disclosure and data services | Competitive | $6,300,000 | $9,000 | $1.43 |
| Jr Lien Spec Assessment Rev Bonds Ser 2024B (Tabor Ranch PID Impr Area 1 Proj) | Denton County | 12/12/2024 | 2025 | Other counsel | Negotiated | $17,371,000 | $10,000 | $0.58 |
| Unl Tax Bond Ser 2024 | Altessa MUD | 12/12/2024 | 2025 | Printing, disclosure and data services; Bond counsel; Other costs; Disclosure counsel; State review and filing fees; Engineers, accountants and other consultants | Competitive | $5,000,000 | $87,936 | $17.59 |
| Unl Tax Util Bonds Ser 2024 | Kaufman County FWSD 1D | 12/12/2024 | 2025 | Underwriter's counsel | Negotiated | $10,400,000 | $10,000 | $0.96 |
| Unl Tax Bonds Ser 2024 | Elgin MUD 2 | 12/12/2024 | 2025 | Engineers, accountants and other consultants; State review and filing fees; Disclosure counsel; Bond counsel | Competitive | $3,500,000 | $63,700 | $18.20 |
| Unl Tax Road Bonds Ser 2024 | Kaufman County FWSD 4A | 12/12/2024 | 2025 | Disclosure counsel | Competitive | $2,605,000 | $9,500 | $3.65 |
| Unl Tax Ref Bonds Ser 2024 | Birdville ISD | 12/12/2024 | 2025 | Bond counsel | Negotiated | $95,260,000 | $110,811 | $1.16 |
| Comb Tax & Rev CO Ser 2024A | Willow Park | 12/12/2024 | 2025 | Underwriter's counsel | Negotiated | $5,090,000 | $9,000 | Not reported |
| Unl Tax Bonds Ser 2024 | West Harris County MUD 01 | 12/12/2024 | 2025 | Disclosure counsel | Competitive | $5,000,000 | $8,500 | $1.70 |
| Unl Tax School Bldg Bonds Ser 2024A | Granger ISD | 12/12/2024 | 2025 | Engineers, accountants and other consultants; Bond counsel; State review and filing fees | Negotiated | $5,000,000 | $12,500 | $2.50 |
| Rev Impr Bonds Ser 2024 (Stein Falls Wastewater Sys Proj) | Guadalupe-Blanco RA | 12/12/2024 | 2025 | Bond counsel | Competitive | $34,885,000 | $57,285 | $1.64 |
| Spec Assessment Rev Bonds Ser 2024 (Tabor Ranch PID Major Impr Area Proj) | Denton County | 12/12/2024 | 2025 | Other counsel | Negotiated | $23,580,000 | $10,000 | $0.42 |
| Total, all 8,372 | $310,525,872 |
Comb Tax & Ltd Surplus Rev CO Ser 2024
- Closed
- 12/19/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $8,025,000
- Fees to this firm
- $25,000
- Per $1,000 of par
- $3.12
- Closed
- 12/19/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Disclosure counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $5,750,000
- Fees to this firm
- $8,500
- Per $1,000 of par
- $1.48
- Closed
- 12/19/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Disclosure counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $11,250,000
- Fees to this firm
- $9,000
- Per $1,000 of par
- $0.80
- Closed
- 12/19/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Disclosure counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $5,625,000
- Fees to this firm
- $10,000
- Per $1,000 of par
- $1.78
- Closed
- 12/19/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Disclosure counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $9,060,000
- Fees to this firm
- $10,000
- Per $1,000 of par
- $1.10
- Closed
- 12/19/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Disclosure counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $5,670,000
- Fees to this firm
- $14,000
- Per $1,000 of par
- $2.47
Ltd Ad Valorem Tax & Sub Lien Sales & Use Tax Bonds Ser 2024
- Closed
- 12/19/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Underwriter's counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $2,880,000
- Fees to this firm
- $3,571
- Per $1,000 of par
- Not reported
- Closed
- 12/19/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Disclosure counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $5,340,000
- Fees to this firm
- $8,000
- Per $1,000 of par
- $1.50
- Closed
- 12/19/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Bond counsel; Disclosure counsel; Engineers, accountants and other consultants; State review and filing fees
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $6,280,000
- Fees to this firm
- $104,950
- Per $1,000 of par
- $16.71
- Closed
- 12/19/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Private placement
- Par
- $4,000,000
- Fees to this firm
- $33,489
- Per $1,000 of par
- $8.37
- Closed
- 12/19/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Disclosure counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $11,500,000
- Fees to this firm
- $8,000
- Per $1,000 of par
- $0.70
- Closed
- 12/19/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Disclosure counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $4,000,000
- Fees to this firm
- $8,000
- Per $1,000 of par
- $2.00
- Closed
- 12/19/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Bond counsel; Engineers, accountants and other consultants; Disclosure counsel; State review and filing fees
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $7,085,000
- Fees to this firm
- $117,025
- Per $1,000 of par
- $16.52
- Closed
- 12/19/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $292,600,000
- Fees to this firm
- $177,000
- Per $1,000 of par
- $0.60
Unl Tax School Bldg Bonds Ser 2024
- Closed
- 12/18/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Bond counsel; Engineers, accountants and other consultants; State review and filing fees
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $35,000,000
- Fees to this firm
- $20,000
- Per $1,000 of par
- $0.57
- Closed
- 12/18/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Disclosure counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $10,500,000
- Fees to this firm
- $8,500
- Per $1,000 of par
- $0.81
- Closed
- 12/18/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Disclosure counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $6,830,000
- Fees to this firm
- $10,000
- Per $1,000 of par
- $1.46
Unl Tax School Bldg Bonds Ser 2024
- Closed
- 12/18/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $11,090,000
- Fees to this firm
- $40,700
- Per $1,000 of par
- $3.67
Spec Assessment Rev Bonds Ser 2024 (Whisper Valley PID Impr Area 3)
- Closed
- 12/18/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Printing, disclosure and data services
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $11,990,000
- Fees to this firm
- $25,000
- Per $1,000 of par
- $2.09
Comb Tax & Surplus Rev CO Ser 2024A
- Closed
- 12/18/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Private placement
- Par
- $1,250,000
- Fees to this firm
- $14,750
- Per $1,000 of par
- $11.80
Unl Tax Recreational Facil Bonds Ser 2024
- Closed
- 12/18/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Disclosure counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $2,500,000
- Fees to this firm
- $8,500
- Per $1,000 of par
- $3.40
- Closed
- 12/18/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $82,460,000
- Fees to this firm
- $95,000
- Per $1,000 of par
- $1.15
Comb Tax & Surplus Rev CO Txbl Ser 2024B
- Closed
- 12/18/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Private placement
- Par
- $315,000
- Fees to this firm
- $13,750
- Per $1,000 of par
- $43.65
- Closed
- 12/18/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Disclosure counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $10,160,000
- Fees to this firm
- $11,000
- Per $1,000 of par
- $1.08
Ltd Ad Valorem Tax Road Bonds Ser 2024
- Closed
- 12/17/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Underwriter's counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $12,870,000
- Fees to this firm
- $15,959
- Per $1,000 of par
- $1.24
- Closed
- 12/17/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Disclosure counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $3,750,000
- Fees to this firm
- $9,500
- Per $1,000 of par
- $2.53
- Closed
- 12/17/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $12,110,000
- Fees to this firm
- $26,908
- Per $1,000 of par
- $2.22
- Closed
- 12/17/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Disclosure counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $5,570,000
- Fees to this firm
- $9,500
- Per $1,000 of par
- $1.71
- Closed
- 12/17/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Disclosure counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $2,400,000
- Fees to this firm
- $12,500
- Per $1,000 of par
- $5.21
- Closed
- 12/17/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Disclosure counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $3,600,000
- Fees to this firm
- $8,500
- Per $1,000 of par
- $2.36
- Closed
- 12/17/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Disclosure counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $5,850,000
- Fees to this firm
- $14,000
- Per $1,000 of par
- $2.39
- Closed
- 12/17/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Disclosure counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $10,130,000
- Fees to this firm
- $8,000
- Per $1,000 of par
- $0.79
- Closed
- 12/17/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Disclosure counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $8,375,000
- Fees to this firm
- $9,500
- Per $1,000 of par
- $1.13
- Closed
- 12/17/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Other costs; Engineers, accountants and other consultants; Printing, disclosure and data services; Disclosure counsel; State review and filing fees; Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $2,870,000
- Fees to this firm
- $54,623
- Per $1,000 of par
- $19.03
Comb Tax & Surplus Rev CO Txbl Ser 2024A
- Closed
- 12/17/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Private placement
- Par
- $530,000
- Fees to this firm
- $20,000
- Per $1,000 of par
- $37.74
- Closed
- 12/17/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Disclosure counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $3,620,000
- Fees to this firm
- $8,500
- Per $1,000 of par
- $2.35
Elec Util Sys Rev Ref Bonds New Ser 2024
- Closed
- 12/17/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $111,160,000
- Fees to this firm
- $129,500
- Per $1,000 of par
- $1.16
- Closed
- 12/13/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Disclosure counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $5,500,000
- Fees to this firm
- $9,000
- Per $1,000 of par
- $1.64
- Closed
- 12/13/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Printing, disclosure and data services
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $6,300,000
- Fees to this firm
- $9,000
- Per $1,000 of par
- $1.43
Jr Lien Spec Assessment Rev Bonds Ser 2024B (Tabor Ranch PID Impr Area 1 Proj)
- Closed
- 12/12/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Other counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $17,371,000
- Fees to this firm
- $10,000
- Per $1,000 of par
- $0.58
- Closed
- 12/12/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Printing, disclosure and data services; Bond counsel; Other costs; Disclosure counsel; State review and filing fees; Engineers, accountants and other consultants
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $5,000,000
- Fees to this firm
- $87,936
- Per $1,000 of par
- $17.59
- Closed
- 12/12/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Underwriter's counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $10,400,000
- Fees to this firm
- $10,000
- Per $1,000 of par
- $0.96
- Closed
- 12/12/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Engineers, accountants and other consultants; State review and filing fees; Disclosure counsel; Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $3,500,000
- Fees to this firm
- $63,700
- Per $1,000 of par
- $18.20
- Closed
- 12/12/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Disclosure counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $2,605,000
- Fees to this firm
- $9,500
- Per $1,000 of par
- $3.65
- Closed
- 12/12/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $95,260,000
- Fees to this firm
- $110,811
- Per $1,000 of par
- $1.16
- Closed
- 12/12/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Underwriter's counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $5,090,000
- Fees to this firm
- $9,000
- Per $1,000 of par
- Not reported
- Closed
- 12/12/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Disclosure counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $5,000,000
- Fees to this firm
- $8,500
- Per $1,000 of par
- $1.70
Unl Tax School Bldg Bonds Ser 2024A
- Closed
- 12/12/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Engineers, accountants and other consultants; Bond counsel; State review and filing fees
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $5,000,000
- Fees to this firm
- $12,500
- Per $1,000 of par
- $2.50
Rev Impr Bonds Ser 2024 (Stein Falls Wastewater Sys Proj)
- Closed
- 12/12/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $34,885,000
- Fees to this firm
- $57,285
- Per $1,000 of par
- $1.64
Spec Assessment Rev Bonds Ser 2024 (Tabor Ranch PID Major Impr Area Proj)
- Closed
- 12/12/2024
- FY
- 2025
- Role
- Other counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $23,580,000
- Fees to this firm
- $10,000
- Per $1,000 of par
- $0.42
Rows 501–550 of 8,372
Spellings in BRB's table
These spellings differ only in capital letters, periods, commas or spaces, so they are shown as one firm (the alias table).
- McCall Parkhurst & Horton LLP (12,594 fee rows)
- Mccall parkhurst & Horton LLP (2 fee rows)
- MCcall parkhurst & Horton LLP (2 fee rows)
Fees are as BRB's table reports them for each issue. The underwriter's spread counts once, and median and per-$1,000 figures use the issuer's one-time costs only: rows paid by the underwriter are shown in the fees but not added to them (how the participant tables are made).
EMMA links are added as each issue is matched.
Source: Local Issuance Fee By Year (updated by the publisher 10/6/2026). Loaded here 10/9/2026.
Texas fiscal years run September 1 to August 31.
Issuer names are shown as published, without source footnote letters.
Figures are as reported to the agency and have not been independently verified.
