Participant
McCall Parkhurst & Horton LLP
Paid on 8,372 local government issues in BRB's local issuance fee table, $310,525,872 in fees reported.
By role
Issues
8,372 issues, newest first.
Skip the Issues McCall Parkhurst & Horton LLP worked on table| Issue? | Issuer? | Closed? | FY? | Role? | Sale type? | Par? | Fees to this firm? | Per $1,000 of par? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WW & SS Comb Unl Tax & Rev Ref Bonds Ser 2019A | Clear Lake City WA | 12/17/2019 | 2020 | Underwriter's counsel | Negotiated | $7,525,000 | $8,500 | Not reported |
| Unl Tax Bonds Ser 2019 | Williamson County MUD 26 | 12/17/2019 | 2020 | Other costs | Competitive | $3,215,000 | $7,500 | $2.33 |
| GO Ref Bonds Ser 2019 | Harlingen | 12/17/2019 | 2020 | Bond counsel | Negotiated | $1,690,000 | $9,275 | $5.49 |
| Unl Tax Bonds Ser 2019 | Harris County WCID 159 | 12/17/2019 | 2020 | Disclosure counsel | Competitive | $13,625,000 | $8,500 | $0.62 |
| Unl Tax Ref Bonds Ser 2019 | Harris County MUD 432 | 12/12/2019 | 2020 | Bond counsel | Negotiated | $2,920,000 | $3,000 | $1.03 |
| Unl Tax Ref Bonds Ser 2019A | Lubbock-Cooper ISD | 12/12/2019 | 2020 | Underwriter's counsel | Negotiated | $4,410,000 | $6,000 | Not reported |
| Ltd Ad Valorem Tax Road Bonds Ser 2019B | Cibolo Canyons Special ID | 12/12/2019 | 2020 | Underwriter's counsel | Negotiated | $1,860,000 | $1,581 | Not reported |
| Unl Tax Ref Bonds Ser 2019 | Boerne ISD | 12/12/2019 | 2020 | Underwriter's counsel | Negotiated | $40,980,000 | $18,441 | Not reported |
| Comb Tax & Rev CO Ser 2019D | Del Rio | 12/12/2019 | 2020 | Bond counsel | Negotiated | $8,560,000 | $16,200 | $1.89 |
| Adj Rate Unl Tax School Bldg Bonds Ser 2019B | Prosper ISD | 12/12/2019 | 2020 | Bond counsel | Negotiated | $50,000,000 | $67,000 | $1.34 |
| Spec Assessment Rev Ref Bonds Ser 2019 (Williamsburg PID 1 Phase 1A) | Fate | 12/12/2019 | 2020 | Bond counsel | Negotiated | $4,095,868 | $92,209 | $22.51 |
| Unl Tax Bonds Ser 2019A | North Hays County MUD 1 | 12/12/2019 | 2020 | Disclosure counsel; Other costs | Competitive | $9,000,000 | $26,000 | $2.89 |
| Spec Assessment Rev Bonds Ser 2019 (Waterscape PID Impr Area 2 Proj) | Royse City | 12/12/2019 | 2020 | Bond counsel | Negotiated | $8,570,000 | $173,400 | $20.23 |
| HOT Rev Ref Bonds Ser 2019 | Irving | 12/12/2019 | 2020 | Underwriter's counsel | Negotiated | $31,230,000 | $25,000 | Not reported |
| Ltd Ad Valorem Tax & Ref Bonds Ser 2019A | Cibolo Canyons Special ID | 12/12/2019 | 2020 | Underwriter's counsel | Negotiated | $20,630,000 | $17,536 | Not reported |
| Unl Tax School Bldg Bonds Ser 2019 | Center ISD | 12/12/2019 | 2020 | Bond counsel | Competitive | $9,420,000 | $16,420 | $1.74 |
| Spec Assessment Rev Bonds Ser 2019 (Waterscape PID Impr Area 1 Phase 1B Proj) | Royse City | 12/12/2019 | 2020 | Bond counsel | Negotiated | $2,785,000 | $57,700 | $20.72 |
| Unl Tax Bonds Ser 2019 | Generation Park Management District | 12/12/2019 | 2020 | Disclosure counsel | Competitive | $5,680,000 | $8,500 | $1.50 |
| Unl Tax Bonds Ser 2019 | Montgomery County MUD 142 | 12/12/2019 | 2020 | Disclosure counsel | Competitive | $1,975,000 | $8,500 | $4.30 |
| WW & SS Comb Unl Tax & Rev Ref Bonds Ser 2019 | Big Oaks MUD | 12/11/2019 | 2020 | Underwriter's counsel | Negotiated | $5,300,000 | $8,500 | $1.60 |
| Unl Tax School Bldg & Ref Bonds Ser 2019A | Carroll ISD | 12/11/2019 | 2020 | Bond counsel | Competitive | $58,120,000 | $71,200 | $1.23 |
| Unl Tax School Bldg Bonds Ser 2019 | Dimmitt ISD | 12/11/2019 | 2020 | Bond counsel | Competitive | $3,960,000 | $11,500 | $2.90 |
| Unl Tax Bonds Ser 2019 | Fort Bend County MUD 155 | 12/11/2019 | 2020 | Disclosure counsel | Competitive | $4,140,000 | $8,000 | $1.93 |
| Contract Rev Bonds Ser 2019A | Cinco MUD 01 | 12/11/2019 | 2020 | Disclosure counsel | Competitive | $13,415,000 | $8,000 | $0.60 |
| Unl Tax Bonds Ser 2019A | Harris County MUD 450 | 12/10/2019 | 2020 | Disclosure counsel | Competitive | $2,240,000 | $8,000 | $3.57 |
| WW & SS Rev Bonds Ser 2019 | Nacogdoches County MUD 1 | 12/10/2019 | 2020 | Bond counsel; Other costs; Engineers, accountants and other consultants | Private placement | $1,010,000 | $27,044 | $26.78 |
| Unl Tax Ref Bonds Ser 2019 | Rayford Road MUD | 12/10/2019 | 2020 | Underwriter's counsel | Negotiated | $7,885,000 | $9,000 | Not reported |
| Comb Tax & Ltd Surplus Rev CO Ser 2019 | Abilene | 12/10/2019 | 2020 | Bond counsel | Negotiated | $23,930,000 | $35,000 | $1.46 |
| GO Bonds Ser 2019 | Abilene | 12/10/2019 | 2020 | Bond counsel | Negotiated | $7,315,000 | $17,500 | $2.39 |
| Ltd Tax Ref Bonds Ser 2019 | Hood County | 12/10/2019 | 2020 | Bond counsel; Engineers, accountants and other consultants | Private placement | $5,420,000 | $13,920 | $2.57 |
| Contract Rev Bonds Ser 2019A (Wtr Sewer & Drainage Facil) | Fort Bend County MUD 169 | 12/5/2019 | 2020 | Disclosure counsel | Competitive | $17,580,000 | $8,000 | $0.46 |
| Passenger Facil Charge & Sub Lien Airport Sys Rev Ref Bonds Ser 2019A | San Antonio | 12/5/2019 | 2020 | Bond counsel | Negotiated | $63,405,000 | $58,099 | $0.92 |
| Airport Sys Rev Ref Bonds Ser 2019A | San Antonio | 12/5/2019 | 2020 | Bond counsel | Negotiated | $47,255,000 | $47,911 | $1.01 |
| Reg Solid Waste Disposal Contract Rev Ref Bonds Ser 2019 | Texoma Area Solid Waste Authority | 12/5/2019 | 2020 | Bond counsel | Private placement | $8,320,000 | $17,500 | $2.10 |
| WW & SS Rev Notes Ser 2019B | Bexar County WCID 10 | 12/5/2019 | 2020 | Bond counsel | Negotiated | $1,990,000 | $9,089 | $4.57 |
| WW & SS Impr Rev Bonds Ser 2019 | San Angelo | 12/5/2019 | 2020 | Bond counsel | Private placement | $56,075,000 | $146,820 | $2.62 |
| GO Ref Bonds Ser 2019 | Belton | 12/5/2019 | 2020 | Bond counsel; Engineers, accountants and other consultants | Negotiated | $5,575,000 | $12,100 | $2.17 |
| GO Ref Bonds Ser 2019 | Early | 12/5/2019 | 2020 | Bond counsel | Negotiated | $1,805,000 | $11,500 | $6.37 |
| GO Ref Bonds Ser 2019 | Seminole | 12/5/2019 | 2020 | Bond counsel | Competitive | $1,980,000 | $12,500 | $6.31 |
| WW & SS Rev Ref Bonds Ser 2019 | Longview | 12/5/2019 | 2020 | Bond counsel; Engineers, accountants and other consultants | Negotiated | $4,180,000 | $11,575 | $2.77 |
| Passenger Facil Charge & Sub Lien Airport Sys Rev Ref Bonds Txbl Ser 2019B | San Antonio | 12/5/2019 | 2020 | Bond counsel | Negotiated | $31,535,000 | $34,913 | $1.11 |
| Airport Sys Rev Ref Bonds Txbl Ser 2019B | San Antonio | 12/5/2019 | 2020 | Bond counsel | Negotiated | $36,280,000 | $38,837 | $1.07 |
| Unl Tax Ref Bonds Txbl Ser 2019 | Greenwood ISD | 12/5/2019 | 2020 | Bond counsel | Negotiated | $46,294,996 | $57,490 | $1.24 |
| Unl Tax Bonds Ser 2019 | Fort Bend County MUD 170 | 12/4/2019 | 2020 | Disclosure counsel | Competitive | $3,000,000 | $8,000 | $2.67 |
| Unl Tax Util Sys Ref Bonds Ser 2019 | Denton County FWSD 07 | 12/4/2019 | 2020 | Underwriter's counsel | Negotiated | $8,140,000 | $8,500 | Not reported |
| Unl Tax Ref Bonds Txbl Ser 2019 | Northwest ISD | 12/4/2019 | 2020 | Bond counsel | Negotiated | $96,759,995 | $79,500 | $0.82 |
| Unl Tax Ref Bonds Ser 2019A | Harris County MUD 064 | 12/4/2019 | 2020 | Underwriter's counsel | Negotiated | $4,505,000 | $9,500 | Not reported |
| Unl Tax Ref Bonds Ser 2019 | Harris County MUD 157 | 12/4/2019 | 2020 | Underwriter's counsel | Negotiated | $9,485,000 | $10,000 | Not reported |
| Wtr & Sewer Rev Ref Bonds Ser 2019B | El Paso | 12/4/2019 | 2020 | Underwriter's counsel | Negotiated | $30,570,000 | $12,228 | Not reported |
| Unl Tax Ref Bonds Txbl Ser 2019 | Lubbock ISD | 12/3/2019 | 2020 | Bond counsel | Negotiated | $87,094,960 | $97,000 | $1.11 |
| Total, all 8,372 | $310,525,872 |
WW & SS Comb Unl Tax & Rev Ref Bonds Ser 2019A
- Closed
- 12/17/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Underwriter's counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $7,525,000
- Fees to this firm
- $8,500
- Per $1,000 of par
- Not reported
- Closed
- 12/17/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Other costs
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $3,215,000
- Fees to this firm
- $7,500
- Per $1,000 of par
- $2.33
- Closed
- 12/17/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $1,690,000
- Fees to this firm
- $9,275
- Per $1,000 of par
- $5.49
- Closed
- 12/17/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Disclosure counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $13,625,000
- Fees to this firm
- $8,500
- Per $1,000 of par
- $0.62
- Closed
- 12/12/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $2,920,000
- Fees to this firm
- $3,000
- Per $1,000 of par
- $1.03
- Closed
- 12/12/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Underwriter's counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $4,410,000
- Fees to this firm
- $6,000
- Per $1,000 of par
- Not reported
Ltd Ad Valorem Tax Road Bonds Ser 2019B
- Closed
- 12/12/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Underwriter's counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $1,860,000
- Fees to this firm
- $1,581
- Per $1,000 of par
- Not reported
- Closed
- 12/12/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Underwriter's counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $40,980,000
- Fees to this firm
- $18,441
- Per $1,000 of par
- Not reported
- Closed
- 12/12/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $8,560,000
- Fees to this firm
- $16,200
- Per $1,000 of par
- $1.89
Adj Rate Unl Tax School Bldg Bonds Ser 2019B
- Closed
- 12/12/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $50,000,000
- Fees to this firm
- $67,000
- Per $1,000 of par
- $1.34
Spec Assessment Rev Ref Bonds Ser 2019 (Williamsburg PID 1 Phase 1A)
- Closed
- 12/12/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $4,095,868
- Fees to this firm
- $92,209
- Per $1,000 of par
- $22.51
- Closed
- 12/12/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Disclosure counsel; Other costs
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $9,000,000
- Fees to this firm
- $26,000
- Per $1,000 of par
- $2.89
Spec Assessment Rev Bonds Ser 2019 (Waterscape PID Impr Area 2 Proj)
- Closed
- 12/12/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $8,570,000
- Fees to this firm
- $173,400
- Per $1,000 of par
- $20.23
- Closed
- 12/12/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Underwriter's counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $31,230,000
- Fees to this firm
- $25,000
- Per $1,000 of par
- Not reported
Ltd Ad Valorem Tax & Ref Bonds Ser 2019A
- Closed
- 12/12/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Underwriter's counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $20,630,000
- Fees to this firm
- $17,536
- Per $1,000 of par
- Not reported
Unl Tax School Bldg Bonds Ser 2019
- Closed
- 12/12/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $9,420,000
- Fees to this firm
- $16,420
- Per $1,000 of par
- $1.74
Spec Assessment Rev Bonds Ser 2019 (Waterscape PID Impr Area 1 Phase 1B Proj)
- Closed
- 12/12/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $2,785,000
- Fees to this firm
- $57,700
- Per $1,000 of par
- $20.72
- Closed
- 12/12/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Disclosure counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $5,680,000
- Fees to this firm
- $8,500
- Per $1,000 of par
- $1.50
- Closed
- 12/12/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Disclosure counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $1,975,000
- Fees to this firm
- $8,500
- Per $1,000 of par
- $4.30
WW & SS Comb Unl Tax & Rev Ref Bonds Ser 2019
- Closed
- 12/11/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Underwriter's counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $5,300,000
- Fees to this firm
- $8,500
- Per $1,000 of par
- $1.60
Unl Tax School Bldg & Ref Bonds Ser 2019A
- Closed
- 12/11/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $58,120,000
- Fees to this firm
- $71,200
- Per $1,000 of par
- $1.23
Unl Tax School Bldg Bonds Ser 2019
- Closed
- 12/11/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $3,960,000
- Fees to this firm
- $11,500
- Per $1,000 of par
- $2.90
- Closed
- 12/11/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Disclosure counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $4,140,000
- Fees to this firm
- $8,000
- Per $1,000 of par
- $1.93
- Closed
- 12/11/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Disclosure counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $13,415,000
- Fees to this firm
- $8,000
- Per $1,000 of par
- $0.60
- Closed
- 12/10/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Disclosure counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $2,240,000
- Fees to this firm
- $8,000
- Per $1,000 of par
- $3.57
- Closed
- 12/10/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Bond counsel; Other costs; Engineers, accountants and other consultants
- Sale type
- Private placement
- Par
- $1,010,000
- Fees to this firm
- $27,044
- Per $1,000 of par
- $26.78
- Closed
- 12/10/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Underwriter's counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $7,885,000
- Fees to this firm
- $9,000
- Per $1,000 of par
- Not reported
Comb Tax & Ltd Surplus Rev CO Ser 2019
- Closed
- 12/10/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $23,930,000
- Fees to this firm
- $35,000
- Per $1,000 of par
- $1.46
- Closed
- 12/10/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $7,315,000
- Fees to this firm
- $17,500
- Per $1,000 of par
- $2.39
- Closed
- 12/10/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Bond counsel; Engineers, accountants and other consultants
- Sale type
- Private placement
- Par
- $5,420,000
- Fees to this firm
- $13,920
- Per $1,000 of par
- $2.57
Contract Rev Bonds Ser 2019A (Wtr Sewer & Drainage Facil)
- Closed
- 12/5/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Disclosure counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $17,580,000
- Fees to this firm
- $8,000
- Per $1,000 of par
- $0.46
Passenger Facil Charge & Sub Lien Airport Sys Rev Ref Bonds Ser 2019A
- Closed
- 12/5/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $63,405,000
- Fees to this firm
- $58,099
- Per $1,000 of par
- $0.92
Airport Sys Rev Ref Bonds Ser 2019A
- Closed
- 12/5/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $47,255,000
- Fees to this firm
- $47,911
- Per $1,000 of par
- $1.01
Reg Solid Waste Disposal Contract Rev Ref Bonds Ser 2019
- Closed
- 12/5/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Private placement
- Par
- $8,320,000
- Fees to this firm
- $17,500
- Per $1,000 of par
- $2.10
- Closed
- 12/5/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $1,990,000
- Fees to this firm
- $9,089
- Per $1,000 of par
- $4.57
WW & SS Impr Rev Bonds Ser 2019
- Closed
- 12/5/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Private placement
- Par
- $56,075,000
- Fees to this firm
- $146,820
- Per $1,000 of par
- $2.62
- Closed
- 12/5/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Bond counsel; Engineers, accountants and other consultants
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $5,575,000
- Fees to this firm
- $12,100
- Per $1,000 of par
- $2.17
- Closed
- 12/5/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $1,805,000
- Fees to this firm
- $11,500
- Per $1,000 of par
- $6.37
- Closed
- 12/5/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $1,980,000
- Fees to this firm
- $12,500
- Per $1,000 of par
- $6.31
WW & SS Rev Ref Bonds Ser 2019
- Closed
- 12/5/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Bond counsel; Engineers, accountants and other consultants
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $4,180,000
- Fees to this firm
- $11,575
- Per $1,000 of par
- $2.77
Passenger Facil Charge & Sub Lien Airport Sys Rev Ref Bonds Txbl Ser 2019B
- Closed
- 12/5/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $31,535,000
- Fees to this firm
- $34,913
- Per $1,000 of par
- $1.11
Airport Sys Rev Ref Bonds Txbl Ser 2019B
- Closed
- 12/5/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $36,280,000
- Fees to this firm
- $38,837
- Per $1,000 of par
- $1.07
Unl Tax Ref Bonds Txbl Ser 2019
- Closed
- 12/5/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $46,294,996
- Fees to this firm
- $57,490
- Per $1,000 of par
- $1.24
- Closed
- 12/4/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Disclosure counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $3,000,000
- Fees to this firm
- $8,000
- Per $1,000 of par
- $2.67
Unl Tax Util Sys Ref Bonds Ser 2019
- Closed
- 12/4/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Underwriter's counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $8,140,000
- Fees to this firm
- $8,500
- Per $1,000 of par
- Not reported
Unl Tax Ref Bonds Txbl Ser 2019
- Closed
- 12/4/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $96,759,995
- Fees to this firm
- $79,500
- Per $1,000 of par
- $0.82
- Closed
- 12/4/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Underwriter's counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $4,505,000
- Fees to this firm
- $9,500
- Per $1,000 of par
- Not reported
- Closed
- 12/4/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Underwriter's counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $9,485,000
- Fees to this firm
- $10,000
- Per $1,000 of par
- Not reported
Wtr & Sewer Rev Ref Bonds Ser 2019B
- Closed
- 12/4/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Underwriter's counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $30,570,000
- Fees to this firm
- $12,228
- Per $1,000 of par
- Not reported
Unl Tax Ref Bonds Txbl Ser 2019
- Closed
- 12/3/2019
- FY
- 2020
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $87,094,960
- Fees to this firm
- $97,000
- Per $1,000 of par
- $1.11
Rows 4,851–4,900 of 8,372
Spellings in BRB's table
These spellings differ only in capital letters, periods, commas or spaces, so they are shown as one firm (the alias table).
- McCall Parkhurst & Horton LLP (12,594 fee rows)
- Mccall parkhurst & Horton LLP (2 fee rows)
- MCcall parkhurst & Horton LLP (2 fee rows)
Fees are as BRB's table reports them for each issue. The underwriter's spread counts once, and median and per-$1,000 figures use the issuer's one-time costs only: rows paid by the underwriter are shown in the fees but not added to them (how the participant tables are made).
EMMA links are added as each issue is matched.
Source: Local Issuance Fee By Year (updated by the publisher 10/6/2026). Loaded here 10/13/2026.
Texas fiscal years run September 1 to August 31.
Issuer names are shown as published, without source footnote letters.
Figures are as reported to the agency and have not been independently verified.
