Participant
McCall Parkhurst & Horton LLP
Paid on 8,372 local government issues in BRB's local issuance fee table, $310,525,872 in fees reported.
By role
Issues
8,372 issues, newest first.
Skip the Issues McCall Parkhurst & Horton LLP worked on table| Issue? | Issuer? | Closed? | FY? | Role? | Sale type? | Par? | Fees to this firm? | Per $1,000 of par? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Contract Rev Bonds Txbl Ser 2020A (Reg Wtr Sys Proj) | Riverbend Water Resources District | 11/23/2020 | 2021 | Bond counsel | Private placement | $10,800,000 | $68,751 | $6.37 |
| Contract Rev Bonds Ser 2020B (Reg Wtr Sys Proj) | Riverbend Water Resources District | 11/23/2020 | 2021 | Bond counsel | Private placement | $7,200,000 | $53,033 | $7.37 |
| Contract Rev Bonds Ser 2020C (Reg Wtr Supply Contract Proj - City of San Marcos) | Alliance Regional WA | 11/20/2020 | 2021 | Bond counsel | Private placement | $43,955,000 | $202,365 | $4.60 |
| Contract Rev Bonds Ser 2020B (Reg Wtr Supply Contract Proj-City of Kyle) | Alliance Regional WA | 11/20/2020 | 2021 | Bond counsel | Private placement | $34,530,000 | $174,090 | $5.04 |
| Contract Rev Bonds Ser 2020D (Reg Wtr Supply Contract Proj - City of Buda) | Alliance Regional WA | 11/20/2020 | 2021 | Bond counsel | Private placement | $6,225,000 | $81,625 | $13.11 |
| Contract Rev Bonds Ser 2020A (Reg Wtr Supply Contract Proj-Canyon Reg Wtr Auth) | Alliance Regional WA | 11/20/2020 | 2021 | Bond counsel | Private placement | $37,865,000 | $184,095 | $4.86 |
| Comb Tax & Rev CO Ser 2020 | Roanoke | 11/19/2020 | 2021 | Bond counsel | Negotiated | $2,205,000 | $11,150 | $5.06 |
| Unl Tax Ref Bonds Txbl Ser 2020 | Palmer ISD | 11/19/2020 | 2021 | Bond counsel | Negotiated | $12,040,000 | $25,800 | $2.14 |
| GO Ref Bonds Ser 2020 | Roanoke | 11/19/2020 | 2021 | Bond counsel | Negotiated | $4,790,000 | $14,450 | $3.02 |
| Unl Tax Ref Bonds Ser 2020 | Harris County MUD 383 | 11/19/2020 | 2021 | Underwriter's counsel; Disclosure counsel | Negotiated | $3,025,000 | $16,500 | $2.64 |
| WW & SS Rev Ref & Impr Bond Ser 2020 | Killeen | 11/19/2020 | 2021 | Bond counsel; Engineers, accountants and other consultants | Negotiated | $22,775,000 | $33,716 | $1.48 |
| Unl Tax Bonds Ser 2020 | Harris County MUD 499 | 11/19/2020 | 2021 | Disclosure counsel | Competitive | $1,515,000 | $8,500 | $5.61 |
| Unl Tax Ref Bonds Ser 2020 | Harris County WCID 119 | 11/19/2020 | 2021 | Underwriter's counsel | Negotiated | $4,960,000 | $8,000 | $1.61 |
| Unl Tax Ref Bonds Txbl Ser 2020 | Everman ISD | 11/19/2020 | 2021 | Bond counsel | Negotiated | $30,385,000 | $41,760 | $1.37 |
| Unl Tax Ref Bonds Ser 2020 | Sunnyvale ISD | 11/19/2020 | 2021 | Bond counsel; Engineers, accountants and other consultants | Negotiated | $15,202,574 | $28,750 | $1.89 |
| Unl Tax Ref Bonds Ser 2020B | Robstown ISD | 11/19/2020 | 2021 | Bond counsel | Negotiated | $6,770,000 | $14,750 | $2.18 |
| Unl Tax Bonds Ser 2020 | Harris County FWSD 61 | 11/19/2020 | 2021 | Disclosure counsel | Competitive | $15,000,000 | $8,500 | $0.57 |
| Unl Tax Ref Bonds Ser 2020 | Union Grove ISD | 11/19/2020 | 2021 | Bond counsel | Negotiated | $3,240,000 | $13,100 | $4.04 |
| Unl Tax Util Sys Bonds Ser 2020 | Denton County FWSD 01C | 11/19/2020 | 2021 | Disclosure counsel | Competitive | $2,450,000 | $24,500 | $10.00 |
| Comb Tax & Surplus Rev CO Ser 2020 | Keller | 11/19/2020 | 2021 | Bond counsel | Private placement | $4,060,000 | $27,376 | $6.74 |
| Comb Tax & Ltd Pledge Rev CO Ser 2020 | San Benito | 11/19/2020 | 2021 | Underwriter's counsel | Negotiated | $7,895,000 | $12,000 | Not reported |
| GO Ref Bonds Ser 2020 | Stratford | 11/19/2020 | 2021 | Bond counsel | Private placement | $2,110,000 | $11,705 | $5.55 |
| GO Ref Bonds Ser 2020 | Lampasas | 11/19/2020 | 2021 | Bond counsel; Engineers, accountants and other consultants | Private placement | $2,200,000 | $9,970 | $4.53 |
| Comb Tax & Ltd Surplus Rev CO Ser 2020 | Corinth | 11/19/2020 | 2021 | Bond counsel | Competitive | $9,260,000 | $22,000 | $2.38 |
| Rev Bonds Ser 2020 | Central Harris County Regional WA | 11/19/2020 | 2021 | Disclosure counsel | Private placement | $3,560,000 | $5,000 | $1.40 |
| Sabine Creek Reg Wastewater Sys Rev Bonds Ser 2020 | North Texas MWD | 11/19/2020 | 2021 | Engineers, accountants and other consultants; Bond counsel | Competitive | $3,190,000 | $38,450 | $12.05 |
| GO Ref Bonds Ser 2020 | San Benito | 11/19/2020 | 2021 | Underwriter's counsel | Negotiated | $8,815,000 | $12,000 | Not reported |
| WW & SS Comb Unl Tax & Rev Bonds Ser 2020 | Bissonnet MUD | 11/19/2020 | 2021 | Disclosure counsel | Competitive | $4,830,000 | $8,000 | $1.66 |
| Unl Tax Bonds Ser 2020 | Highlands at Mayfield Ranch MUD | 11/19/2020 | 2021 | Bond counsel; Engineers, accountants and other consultants; Disclosure counsel | Competitive | $5,970,000 | $101,362 | $16.98 |
| WW & SS Rev Ref Bonds Txbl Ser 2020A | Killeen | 11/19/2020 | 2021 | Bond counsel; Engineers, accountants and other consultants | Negotiated | $20,030,000 | $29,646 | $1.48 |
| Unl Tax Ref Bonds Txbl Ser 2020B | Kenedy ISD | 11/18/2020 | 2021 | Bond counsel | Negotiated | $18,284,985 | $38,482 | $2.10 |
| Unl Tax Ref Bonds Ser 2020A | Kenedy ISD | 11/18/2020 | 2021 | Bond counsel | Negotiated | $1,205,000 | $11,078 | $9.19 |
| Unl Tax Ref Bonds Ser 2020 | Carlisle ISD | 11/18/2020 | 2021 | Bond counsel | Competitive | $2,955,000 | $10,301 | $3.49 |
| Ltd Tax Ref Bonds Ser 2020 | Hill County | 11/18/2020 | 2021 | Bond counsel | Private placement | $2,660,000 | $10,000 | $3.76 |
| Unl Tax Bonds Ser 2020 | Williams Ranch MUD 1 | 11/18/2020 | 2021 | Disclosure counsel | Competitive | $2,145,000 | $8,500 | $3.96 |
| GO Ref Bonds Ser 2020A | Brownsville | 11/18/2020 | 2021 | Bond counsel | Negotiated | $11,295,000 | $19,400 | $1.72 |
| Unl Tax Road Bonds Ser 2020 | Village at Katy Development District | 11/18/2020 | 2021 | Disclosure counsel | Competitive | $4,020,000 | $8,500 | $2.11 |
| Unl Tax Bonds Ser 2020A | Hays County MUD 5 | 11/18/2020 | 2021 | Bond counsel; Engineers, accountants and other consultants | Competitive | $4,350,000 | $45,124 | $10.37 |
| GO Ref Bonds Txbl Ser 2020B | Brownsville | 11/18/2020 | 2021 | Bond counsel | Negotiated | $13,145,000 | $19,945 | $1.52 |
| Unl Tax Ref Bonds Txbl Ser 2020 | London ISD | 11/18/2020 | 2021 | Bond counsel | Negotiated | $24,894,973 | $42,500 | $1.71 |
| Comb Tax & Rev CO Ser 2020A | Brownsville | 11/18/2020 | 2021 | Bond counsel | Negotiated | $9,050,000 | $17,482 | $1.93 |
| Contract Rev Ref Bonds Txbl Ser 2020 (Western Canyon Reg Wtr Supply Proj) | Guadalupe-Blanco RA | 11/18/2020 | 2021 | Bond counsel | Negotiated | $55,540,000 | $77,675 | $1.40 |
| Unl Tax Bonds Ser 2020A | Bell County MUD 1 | 11/18/2020 | 2021 | Bond counsel; Disclosure counsel | Competitive | $3,275,000 | $58,375 | $17.82 |
| Unl Tax Ref Bonds Ser 2020 | Kilgore ISD | 11/18/2020 | 2021 | Underwriter's counsel | Negotiated | $28,045,000 | $14,023 | Not reported |
| Unl Tax School Bldg & Ref Bonds Ser 2020 | Anna ISD | 11/18/2020 | 2021 | Bond counsel | Negotiated | $30,425,000 | $44,819 | $1.47 |
| Sr Lien Sales Tax Rev Ref Bonds Txbl Ser 2020D | Dallas Area Rapid Transit | 11/18/2020 | 2021 | Bond counsel | Negotiated | $281,090,000 | $150,000 | $0.53 |
| Unl Tax Ref Bonds Ser 2020 | Harris County MUD 396 | 11/18/2020 | 2021 | Underwriter's counsel | Negotiated | $2,235,000 | $8,500 | Not reported |
| Unl Tax Ref Bonds Ser 2020 | Quitman ISD | 11/18/2020 | 2021 | Bond counsel | Competitive | $2,300,000 | $9,581 | $4.17 |
| Comb Tax & Rev CO Ser 2020 | Hickory Creek | 11/18/2020 | 2021 | Bond counsel | Negotiated | $3,720,000 | $14,000 | $3.76 |
| Unl Tax Ref Bonds Txbl Ser 2020 | Lorena ISD | 11/18/2020 | 2021 | Bond counsel | Negotiated | $20,039,971 | $31,230 | $1.56 |
| Total, all 8,372 | $310,525,872 |
Contract Rev Bonds Txbl Ser 2020A (Reg Wtr Sys Proj)
- Closed
- 11/23/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Private placement
- Par
- $10,800,000
- Fees to this firm
- $68,751
- Per $1,000 of par
- $6.37
Contract Rev Bonds Ser 2020B (Reg Wtr Sys Proj)
- Closed
- 11/23/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Private placement
- Par
- $7,200,000
- Fees to this firm
- $53,033
- Per $1,000 of par
- $7.37
Contract Rev Bonds Ser 2020C (Reg Wtr Supply Contract Proj - City of San Marcos)
- Closed
- 11/20/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Private placement
- Par
- $43,955,000
- Fees to this firm
- $202,365
- Per $1,000 of par
- $4.60
Contract Rev Bonds Ser 2020B (Reg Wtr Supply Contract Proj-City of Kyle)
- Closed
- 11/20/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Private placement
- Par
- $34,530,000
- Fees to this firm
- $174,090
- Per $1,000 of par
- $5.04
Contract Rev Bonds Ser 2020D (Reg Wtr Supply Contract Proj - City of Buda)
- Closed
- 11/20/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Private placement
- Par
- $6,225,000
- Fees to this firm
- $81,625
- Per $1,000 of par
- $13.11
Contract Rev Bonds Ser 2020A (Reg Wtr Supply Contract Proj-Canyon Reg Wtr Auth)
- Closed
- 11/20/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Private placement
- Par
- $37,865,000
- Fees to this firm
- $184,095
- Per $1,000 of par
- $4.86
- Closed
- 11/19/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $2,205,000
- Fees to this firm
- $11,150
- Per $1,000 of par
- $5.06
Unl Tax Ref Bonds Txbl Ser 2020
- Closed
- 11/19/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $12,040,000
- Fees to this firm
- $25,800
- Per $1,000 of par
- $2.14
- Closed
- 11/19/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $4,790,000
- Fees to this firm
- $14,450
- Per $1,000 of par
- $3.02
- Closed
- 11/19/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Underwriter's counsel; Disclosure counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $3,025,000
- Fees to this firm
- $16,500
- Per $1,000 of par
- $2.64
WW & SS Rev Ref & Impr Bond Ser 2020
- Closed
- 11/19/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Bond counsel; Engineers, accountants and other consultants
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $22,775,000
- Fees to this firm
- $33,716
- Per $1,000 of par
- $1.48
- Closed
- 11/19/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Disclosure counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $1,515,000
- Fees to this firm
- $8,500
- Per $1,000 of par
- $5.61
- Closed
- 11/19/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Underwriter's counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $4,960,000
- Fees to this firm
- $8,000
- Per $1,000 of par
- $1.61
Unl Tax Ref Bonds Txbl Ser 2020
- Closed
- 11/19/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $30,385,000
- Fees to this firm
- $41,760
- Per $1,000 of par
- $1.37
- Closed
- 11/19/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Bond counsel; Engineers, accountants and other consultants
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $15,202,574
- Fees to this firm
- $28,750
- Per $1,000 of par
- $1.89
- Closed
- 11/19/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $6,770,000
- Fees to this firm
- $14,750
- Per $1,000 of par
- $2.18
- Closed
- 11/19/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Disclosure counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $15,000,000
- Fees to this firm
- $8,500
- Per $1,000 of par
- $0.57
- Closed
- 11/19/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $3,240,000
- Fees to this firm
- $13,100
- Per $1,000 of par
- $4.04
Unl Tax Util Sys Bonds Ser 2020
- Closed
- 11/19/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Disclosure counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $2,450,000
- Fees to this firm
- $24,500
- Per $1,000 of par
- $10.00
Comb Tax & Surplus Rev CO Ser 2020
- Closed
- 11/19/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Private placement
- Par
- $4,060,000
- Fees to this firm
- $27,376
- Per $1,000 of par
- $6.74
Comb Tax & Ltd Pledge Rev CO Ser 2020
- Closed
- 11/19/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Underwriter's counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $7,895,000
- Fees to this firm
- $12,000
- Per $1,000 of par
- Not reported
- Closed
- 11/19/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Private placement
- Par
- $2,110,000
- Fees to this firm
- $11,705
- Per $1,000 of par
- $5.55
- Closed
- 11/19/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Bond counsel; Engineers, accountants and other consultants
- Sale type
- Private placement
- Par
- $2,200,000
- Fees to this firm
- $9,970
- Per $1,000 of par
- $4.53
Comb Tax & Ltd Surplus Rev CO Ser 2020
- Closed
- 11/19/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $9,260,000
- Fees to this firm
- $22,000
- Per $1,000 of par
- $2.38
- Closed
- 11/19/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Disclosure counsel
- Sale type
- Private placement
- Par
- $3,560,000
- Fees to this firm
- $5,000
- Per $1,000 of par
- $1.40
Sabine Creek Reg Wastewater Sys Rev Bonds Ser 2020
- Closed
- 11/19/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Engineers, accountants and other consultants; Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $3,190,000
- Fees to this firm
- $38,450
- Per $1,000 of par
- $12.05
- Closed
- 11/19/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Underwriter's counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $8,815,000
- Fees to this firm
- $12,000
- Per $1,000 of par
- Not reported
WW & SS Comb Unl Tax & Rev Bonds Ser 2020
- Closed
- 11/19/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Disclosure counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $4,830,000
- Fees to this firm
- $8,000
- Per $1,000 of par
- $1.66
- Closed
- 11/19/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Bond counsel; Engineers, accountants and other consultants; Disclosure counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $5,970,000
- Fees to this firm
- $101,362
- Per $1,000 of par
- $16.98
WW & SS Rev Ref Bonds Txbl Ser 2020A
- Closed
- 11/19/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Bond counsel; Engineers, accountants and other consultants
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $20,030,000
- Fees to this firm
- $29,646
- Per $1,000 of par
- $1.48
Unl Tax Ref Bonds Txbl Ser 2020B
- Closed
- 11/18/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $18,284,985
- Fees to this firm
- $38,482
- Per $1,000 of par
- $2.10
- Closed
- 11/18/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $1,205,000
- Fees to this firm
- $11,078
- Per $1,000 of par
- $9.19
- Closed
- 11/18/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $2,955,000
- Fees to this firm
- $10,301
- Per $1,000 of par
- $3.49
- Closed
- 11/18/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Private placement
- Par
- $2,660,000
- Fees to this firm
- $10,000
- Per $1,000 of par
- $3.76
- Closed
- 11/18/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Disclosure counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $2,145,000
- Fees to this firm
- $8,500
- Per $1,000 of par
- $3.96
- Closed
- 11/18/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $11,295,000
- Fees to this firm
- $19,400
- Per $1,000 of par
- $1.72
- Closed
- 11/18/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Disclosure counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $4,020,000
- Fees to this firm
- $8,500
- Per $1,000 of par
- $2.11
- Closed
- 11/18/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Bond counsel; Engineers, accountants and other consultants
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $4,350,000
- Fees to this firm
- $45,124
- Per $1,000 of par
- $10.37
- Closed
- 11/18/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $13,145,000
- Fees to this firm
- $19,945
- Per $1,000 of par
- $1.52
Unl Tax Ref Bonds Txbl Ser 2020
- Closed
- 11/18/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $24,894,973
- Fees to this firm
- $42,500
- Per $1,000 of par
- $1.71
- Closed
- 11/18/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $9,050,000
- Fees to this firm
- $17,482
- Per $1,000 of par
- $1.93
Contract Rev Ref Bonds Txbl Ser 2020 (Western Canyon Reg Wtr Supply Proj)
- Closed
- 11/18/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $55,540,000
- Fees to this firm
- $77,675
- Per $1,000 of par
- $1.40
- Closed
- 11/18/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Bond counsel; Disclosure counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $3,275,000
- Fees to this firm
- $58,375
- Per $1,000 of par
- $17.82
- Closed
- 11/18/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Underwriter's counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $28,045,000
- Fees to this firm
- $14,023
- Per $1,000 of par
- Not reported
Unl Tax School Bldg & Ref Bonds Ser 2020
- Closed
- 11/18/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $30,425,000
- Fees to this firm
- $44,819
- Per $1,000 of par
- $1.47
Sr Lien Sales Tax Rev Ref Bonds Txbl Ser 2020D
- Closed
- 11/18/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $281,090,000
- Fees to this firm
- $150,000
- Per $1,000 of par
- $0.53
- Closed
- 11/18/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Underwriter's counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $2,235,000
- Fees to this firm
- $8,500
- Per $1,000 of par
- Not reported
- Closed
- 11/18/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Competitive
- Par
- $2,300,000
- Fees to this firm
- $9,581
- Per $1,000 of par
- $4.17
- Closed
- 11/18/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $3,720,000
- Fees to this firm
- $14,000
- Per $1,000 of par
- $3.76
Unl Tax Ref Bonds Txbl Ser 2020
- Closed
- 11/18/2020
- FY
- 2021
- Role
- Bond counsel
- Sale type
- Negotiated
- Par
- $20,039,971
- Fees to this firm
- $31,230
- Per $1,000 of par
- $1.56
Rows 3,951–4,000 of 8,372
Spellings in BRB's table
These spellings differ only in capital letters, periods, commas or spaces, so they are shown as one firm (the alias table).
- McCall Parkhurst & Horton LLP (12,594 fee rows)
- Mccall parkhurst & Horton LLP (2 fee rows)
- MCcall parkhurst & Horton LLP (2 fee rows)
Fees are as BRB's table reports them for each issue. The underwriter's spread counts once, and median and per-$1,000 figures use the issuer's one-time costs only: rows paid by the underwriter are shown in the fees but not added to them (how the participant tables are made).
EMMA links are added as each issue is matched.
Source: Local Issuance Fee By Year (updated by the publisher 10/6/2026). Loaded here 10/13/2026.
Texas fiscal years run September 1 to August 31.
Issuer names are shown as published, without source footnote letters.
Figures are as reported to the agency and have not been independently verified.
